Praxis Biology (5236) Practice Exam

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• Which organelle houses the citric acid cycle?
• What is the S phase (synthesis) primarily characterized by?
• What is Mutualism?
• Ecological succession is best described as which of the following?
• During glycolysis, which molecule is produced that stores energy to be used in later steps?
• Which of the following best exemplifies a positive feedback loop?
• Which technique is used to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein at high resolution?
• The scenario of two male red deer in competition for a mate is an example of what type of competition?
• What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?
• In a classic Mendelian cross Aa x Aa, what is the typical phenotypic ratio for a trait with complete dominance?
• What is epistasis?
• Which biogeochemical cycle generally has no gaseous phase under normal environmental conditions?
• In a small population, which genetic factor is most associated with a higher risk of extinction?
• What is a biome?
• What is the G1 phase (growth phase) best described as?
• Stabilizing selection tends to favor which type of trait values?
• Which statement about somatic mutations is true?
• Which molecule carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
• Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration?
• What is a Community?
• What is Commensalism?
• Which term describes the sequence of ecological changes that leads from a barren area to a mature ecosystem?
• Biological magnification refers to the increase in concentration of a substance as it moves up the food chain.
• To maintain a gradient for a solute with higher outside the cell, which mechanism most directly uses energy?
• Which statement describes the G0 phase?
• How do germ-line and somatic mutations differ in terms of heritability?
• Which term describes independent species acquiring similar characteristics while evolving in the same ecospace?
• What is Mimicry?
• Lactose hydrolysis yields glucose and galactose. Based on this information, which term correctly describes lactose?
• In an experiment comparing glucose-containing and glucose-free culture media, bacterial colonies appear only on the glucose-containing media. Which concept does this illustrate?
• Which two features are typically present in bacterial cells but not in viruses?
• Which cellular process is primarily carried out by ribosomes in bacteria?
• Lignin is an adaptation in terrestrial plants. Which statement best explains its role?
• What is meristem?
• In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, what term describes the energy barrier that enzymes lower to speed up reactions?
• A cross between red-flowered and white-flowered true-breeding plants yields pink F1; F2 shows red, white, and pink. Which inheritance pattern is best supported?
• Which statement best describes sympatric speciation?
• Which statement best describes the role of gastrulation in vertebrate development?
• In natural selection, disruptive selection favors individuals at which parts of the distribution?
• Which term best describes a broad ecological category defined by climate and typical organisms, such as forests or deserts?
• Which statement demonstrates the most accurate reasoning for maintaining a concentration gradient of an uncharged molecule across a membrane?
• Which statement best describes r-strategists?
• Abiotic factors are:
• Which greenhouse gas is produced from livestock manure and used on some farms to generate electricity?
• Which stage of cellular respiration is directly linked to ATP production via chemiosmosis across a membrane?
• In genetics, what does it mean for a line to be true-breeding for a trait?
• Allopatric speciation requires geographic isolation; sympatric speciation occurs without geographic separation. Which option reflects this?
• Which statement about ATP hydrolysis energy transfer is true?
• In bioinformatics, which disciplines are integrated to analyze biological data?
• In biogeochemical cycles, _______ is continually recycled, typically between living and nonliving forms.
• A survey of invertebrates at several ponds records types and relative abundance. Which characteristic can be compared most directly from this data?
• Which of the following is an example of how biotechnology is used to produce transgenic organisms?
• In plants, what is the primary function of guard cells?
• Which sequence lists the eight levels of the taxonomic hierarchy in the correct order from Domain to Species?
• Which response demonstrates the most accurate understanding of genetic drift?
• Which statement about polar molecules is correct?
• Biotic factors refer to:
• Which inheritance pattern explains a cross yielding red, white, and pink offspring in the F2 generation?
• Which statement best describes gradualism?
• Which statement best distinguishes organic from inorganic molecules?
• During the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle, which change occurs?
• What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
• Which statement about periodic natural wildfires in some forest ecosystems is most accurate?
• In terrestrial ecosystems, which organism is most likely a primary producer?
• Which statement best explains why the phosphorus cycle lacks a gaseous phase?
• Primary succession occurs in which type of environment?
• Which statement best describes punctuated equilibrium?
• What is the most common objection expressed by some individuals in the United States to the medical use of human embryonic stem cells?
• What is a cotyledon?
• Which technique is NOT appropriate for analyzing which alleles are present in DNA samples from a genetic cross?
• Which of the following best characterizes a boreal forest (Taiga)?
• Which scenario best illustrates secondary succession?
• What best defines a keystone species?
• Which statement best describes a nonpolar molecule?
• Which of the following is NOT a density-independent factor?
• Which statement best describes punctuated equilibrium?
• What describes a genetic bottleneck?
• Which plant cell type regulates gas exchange by adjusting stomatal aperture?
• Which process directly establishes the three germ layers in vertebrate embryos?
• The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that under plausible early-Earth conditions, spontaneous assembly of what type of molecules from inorganic precursors can occur?
• Which scenario best illustrates a nonrenewable resource for power generation?
• Which statement did the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate about early Earth chemistry?
• What is intraspecific competition?
• Which scenario best illustrates secondary succession?
• In a typical eukaryotic gene, the start site of transcription is found immediately downstream of which element?
• Which process directly follows the G2 phase to divide the cell’s nucleus?
• Which transformation do denitrifying bacteria perform in the nitrogen cycle?
• Which type of speciation involves geographical separation between populations?
• In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction studying competitive inhibition, with enzyme and inhibitor concentrations held constant, which should be varied as the independent variable?
• Which statement best describes a boreal forest soil?
• Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via which vessels?
• Which statement best describes a polar molecule?
• Which statement correctly describes density-independent factors?
• Exergonic and endergonic reactions in cells are interrelated in that...
• If two true-breeding lines differ for a single trait and are crossed, what is the expected phenotype of the F1 generation?
• In translation, the start codon AUG codes for which amino acid in the growing polypeptide chain?
• Trisomy is best described as which of the following?
• What is a Species?
• Which phylum is characterized by a segmented body?
• In fungi, digestion of relatively large food molecules typically begins in where?
• The transfer of pollen from one flower to another while a bee is collecting nectar is an example of which type of ecological relationship?
• Gymnosperms have seeds configured as cones. Which option correctly reflects this?
• What is External fertilization?
• ATP hydrolysis yields ADP and what other molecule?
• Which statement best describes prokaryote characteristics?
• What is carrying capacity?
• What is Gametogenesis?
• The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of which cellular organelles?
• The increase in global temperatures has contributed to what?
• If 35 percent of a double-stranded DNA sample is adenine, what percent is cytosine?
• Which taxonomic rank comes immediately after Genus?
• Which statement best defines chromatography?
• Which mechanism produces new alleles of a gene?
• During cellular respiration, which cellular structure is primarily associated with ATP production via the electron transport chain?
• What is the G2 phase (growth phase 2) primarily focused on?
• Which representation is most appropriate for illustrating evolutionary relationships among several species on a poster?
• What does the central dogma of molecular biology state?
• Which of the following is one of the Science and Engineering Practices?
• Which of the following organisms reproduces primarily through asexual reproduction?
• Which concept describes a rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity?
• Which visual aid best supports an investigation of energy flow through organisms in an ecosystem?
• Which scientific discipline emerged primarily from the development of fast, affordable DNA sequencing methods?
• Operant conditioning describes learning that is shaped by what mechanism?
• Which statement best describes the energy change when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate?
• Which statement best describes a polygenic trait?
• What is the Founder Effect?
• Which cellular process uses an RNA template to synthesize a protein?
• Which practice involves planning and carrying out an investigation?
• Seasonal dead zones in certain coastal waters can be traced to nutrient-driven algal blooms. Which change would most likely trigger rapid phytoplankton growth?
• Which of the following describes a tropical rainforest?
• Which nucleobase is found in RNA but not in DNA?
• In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are linked by the transport of which molecule to which location?
• A segmented body is a key characteristic of which animal phylum?
• During which phase does most of a cell’s growth occur?
• Damage to the sinoatrial node is most likely to affect which aspect of heart function?
• Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
• Which statement best describes Interphase?
• Taxonomic classification of two organisms as members of the same order indicates they are also members of which higher taxonomic level?
• Stomatal opening in plants is facilitated by the accumulation of which ion in guard cells?
• Who is Antoni van Leeuwenhoek?
• Which statement correctly describes a significant-figure rule?
• Huntington's disease is inherited in which pattern?
• Which method is commonly used to determine protein three-dimensional structure at atomic resolution?
• What is a Helicase?
• Which statement about boreal forest precipitation is characteristic?
• Which statement correctly contrasts DNA and RNA?
• Fertilization that occurs outside the body, usually in water, is called which term?
• If extracellular fluid solute concentration decreases due to excessive water intake, which statement about osmosis is most accurate?
• In a genetic cross between two true-breeding lines—one with sepia-eyed flies and one with wild-type eyes—if sepia is autosomal recessive, what percent of the F2 generation is expected to have sepia eyes?
• In genetic engineering, which molecule is commonly used as the carrier of foreign DNA into a host organism?
• During processing of a newly synthesized eukaryotic mRNA, which statement describes a step in maturation?
• Which Science and Engineering Practice involves obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information?
• Filial imprinting typically results in attachment to which of the following?
• What does Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium state?
• Which type of cell lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus?
• A segment of an mRNA molecule has the sequence 5'-AUGGCUCUCGAGAGAUAA-3'. If the first codon is a start codon and the last codon is a stop codon, how many amino acids are encoded?
• In vertebrate embryology, which developmental process directly results in the formation of the three primary germ layers?
• Ethylene functions as which plant hormone?
• Which term describes a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms where one cell divides into two cells of the same size?
• Which outcome is most commonly associated with runoff containing both nitrogen and phosphorus?
• Which of the following describes density-independent factors?
• What is Mitosis?
• Which statement best describes how insulin regulates blood glucose in a healthy person?
• Which statement accurately describes anabolic and catabolic reactions?
• Which statement defines polygenic inheritance?
• What is a Niche?
• Mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish all belong to which phylum?
• An ecosystem includes which components?
• In denitrification, nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere as which gas?
• Which term refers to the collective evidence that links the origin of some eukaryotic organelles to prokaryotes?
• How is an ecosystem defined?
• Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. If a woman with hemophilia has a child with a man who does not have hemophilia, what is the chance the child will be a carrier?
• Which statement best characterizes directional selection?
• Which element is listed as one of the three essential elements for plant growth obtained primarily through the roots?
• What is Binary fission?
• Filial imprinting in birds refers to what phenomenon?
• Which term describes a cell that temporarily stops dividing but remains metabolically active?
• At what life stage do Huntington's disease symptoms typically first appear?
• Huntington's disease is caused by an excessive number of repeats of which trinucleotide sequence?
• Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
• Which term describes a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring?
• Bioinformatics is described as which of the following?
• Enzymes located in the mitochondrial matrix most directly facilitate which metabolic process?
• Which term describes all the different populations that live together in an area?
• Endosymbiosis is best described as:
• Directional selection results in which pattern of a trait distribution over generations?
• Which statement correctly describes a common characteristic of prokaryotes?
• Which description best explains how blueberry seeds are dispersed?
• In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what do p and q denote?
• Which statement best describes gradualism in evolution?
• Which feature most clearly indicates that a cell is eukaryotic?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes angiosperms from gymnosperms?
• Which term best describes the variety and relative abundance of species within a community?
• What is Parasitism?